The base of the tower crane is generally bolted to a huge concrete pad which provides really necessary support. The base is attached to a mast or a tower and stabilizes the crane that is attached to the inside of the building's structure. Usually, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The mast of the crane is normally a triangulated lattice structure which measures 10 feet square or 0.9m2. Attached to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit consists of a motor and a gear which enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are used to be able to make sure that the operator does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature known as a load moment switch to make sure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the maximum reach of a tower crane is 70 meters or 230 feet.
There is certainly a science involved with erecting a tower crane, specially due to their extreme heights. First, the stationary structure needs to be brought to the construction site by utilizing a big tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the machinery portion of the crane and the jib. Then, these parts are attached to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts may be some of the other industrial machines that is utilized to erect a crane.
As the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is referred to as a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 20 feet or 6.1m. Then, the crane driver utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast section piece.